1 Kings 2:44 · JPS 1917
The king said moreover to Shimei: 'Thou knowest all the wickedness which thy heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father; therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head.
Who acts: king, Thou, heart, LORD · What happens: say, know, be, do, return · To what, where: Shimei, wickedness, David · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Kings 2:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, Thou, heart, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 king | det |
| 2 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | moreover | moreover | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Shimei | case |
| 6 | Shimei | Shimei | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 knowest | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 knowest | punct |
| 9 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 10 knowest | nsubj |
| 10 | knowest | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 11 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 wickedness | det:predet |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wickedness | det |
| 13 | wickedness | wickedness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 knowest | obj |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 privy | obl |
| 15 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 16 heart | nmod:poss |
| 16 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 privy | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 privy | cop |
| 18 | privy | privy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 wickedness | acl:relcl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 which | case |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 didst | punct |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 didst | mark |
| 22 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 didst | nsubj |
| 23 | didst | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 wickedness | acl:relcl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 David | case |
| 25 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 didst | obl |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 father | nmod:poss |
| 27 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 David | appos |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 return | punct |
| 29 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 33 return | advmod |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 LORD | det |
| 31 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 return | nsubj |
| 32 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 return | aux |
| 33 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | parataxis |
| 34 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 wickedness | nmod:poss |
| 35 | wickedness | wickedness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 return | obj |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 39 head | case |
| 37 | thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 head | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 head | amod |
| 39 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 return | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- promise
- voice
- character
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the king | Shimei | moreover property | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to shimei=Experiencer clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | know | present | Thou | all wickedness | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer wickedness=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | thy heart | to all wickedness; privy property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | do | past | thou | all wickedness not said here | David | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wickedness=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | return | shall | the LORD | thy wickedness | upon thine own head; therefore property | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wickedness=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֗י אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָדַע֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ לְדָוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רָעָתְךָ֖ בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃
1 Kings 2:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:105 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.105/