1 Kings 20:20 · JPS 1917
And they slew every one his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them; and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.
Who acts: provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad · What happens: slay, flee, pursue, escape · To what, where: one, provinces
This is 1 Kings 20:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (provinces, Arameans, Israel, Ben hadad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 slew | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 slew | nsubj |
| 3 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 one | det |
| 5 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slew | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 man | nmod:poss |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slew | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 fled | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fled | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Arameans | det |
| 11 | Arameans | Aramean | PROPN | Number=Plur | 12 fled | nsubj |
| 12 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 slew | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pursued | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 pursued | cc |
| 15 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 pursued | nsubj |
| 16 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 fled | conj |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 pursued | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 escaped | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 escaped | cc |
| 20 | Ben | Ben | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 hadad | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 hadad | punct |
| 22 | hadad | Ben-hadad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 escaped | nsubj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 king | det |
| 24 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hadad | appos |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Aram | case |
| 26 | Aram | Aram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 king | nmod |
| 27 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 slew | conj |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 horse | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 horse | det |
| 30 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 escaped | obl |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 horsemen | case |
| 32 | horsemen | horseman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 escaped | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 slew | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slay | past | provinces = province | every one | man's man nmod:unmarked | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | flee | past | the Arameans | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | pursue | past | Israel | provinces = province | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 4 | escape | past | Ben hadad | on a horse; with horsemen | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙בֶּנ־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃
1 Kings 20:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:746 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.746/