1 Samuel 23:2 · JPS 1917
Therefore David inquired of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I go and smite these Philistines?' And the LORD said unto David: 'Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.'
Who acts: David, I, LORD · What happens: inquire, say, go, smite, save · To what, where: Philistines, Keilah · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Samuel 23:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 3 inquired | advmod |
| 2 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 inquired | nsubj |
| 3 | inquired | inquire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 LORD | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 LORD | det |
| 6 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 inquired | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 saying | punct |
| 8 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 inquired | advcl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 go | punct |
| 10 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 go | punct |
| 11 | Shall | shall | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 go | aux |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 go | nsubj |
| 13 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 saying | ccomp |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 smite | cc |
| 15 | smite | smite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 go | conj |
| 16 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 17 Philistines | det |
| 17 | Philistines | Philistines | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 smite | obj |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 go | punct |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 go | punct |
| 20 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 said | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 LORD | det |
| 22 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 said | nsubj |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 inquired | conj |
| 24 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 25 David | case |
| 25 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 said | obl |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 Go | punct |
| 27 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 28 Go | punct |
| 28 | Go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 23 said | ccomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 smite | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 smite | cc |
| 31 | smite | smite | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 Go | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Philistines | det |
| 33 | Philistines | Philistines | PROPN | Number=Plur | 31 smite | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 save | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 save | cc |
| 36 | save | save | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 Go | conj |
| 37 | Keilah | Keilah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 save | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 inquired | punct |
| 39 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 inquired | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=request, indirect=0, polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inquire speech: other | past | David | of the LORD; therefore property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of lord=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | David not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | go | shall | I | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | smite | infinitive | I not said here | this Philistines | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus philistines=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | the LORD | unto David | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | go | infinitive | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | smite | infinitive | the Philistines | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus philistines=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | save | infinitive | Keilah | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent keilah=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֵלֵ֣ךְ וְהִכֵּ֔יתִי בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּהס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֵ֚ךְ וְהִכִּ֣יתָ בַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖ אֶת־קְעִילָֽה׃
1 Samuel 23:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:661 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.661/