2 Kings 3:19 · JPS 1917
And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.'
Who acts: ye · What happens: smite, fortify, fell, stop, mar · To what, where: fortified city, good tree, fountains, good piece
This is 2 Kings 3:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 smite | cc |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 smite | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 smite | aux |
| 4 | smite | smite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 city | det |
| 6 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 city | amod |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 smite | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 city | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 city | cc |
| 10 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 city | det |
| 11 | choice | choice | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 city | amod |
| 12 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 city | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 fell | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 fell | cc |
| 15 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 fell | aux |
| 16 | fell | fell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 smite | conj |
| 17 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 tree | det |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 tree | amod |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fell | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stop | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stop | cc |
| 22 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 fell | conj |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 fountains | det |
| 24 | fountains | fountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 stop | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 water | case |
| 26 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 fountains | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 mar | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 mar | cc |
| 29 | mar | mar | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 stop | conj |
| 30 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 32 piece | det |
| 31 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 piece | amod |
| 32 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 mar | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 land | case |
| 34 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 piece | nmod |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 stones | case |
| 36 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 mar | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 smite | punct |
| 38 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 smite | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | smite | shall | ye | every fortified city and every choice city | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus city=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | fortify | participle | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | fell | shall | ye not said here | every good tree | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | stop | infinitive | ye not said here | all fountains of water | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fountain=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | mar | infinitive | ye not said here | every good piece of land | with stones | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃
2 Kings 3:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2KI:67 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.67/