2 Samuel 3:31 · JPS 1917

And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him: 'Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and wail before Abner.' And king David followed the bier.

Who acts: David, people · What happens: say, be, rend, gird, wail, follow · To what, where: Joab, clothes, you, Abner, bier · Speech: someone speaks here

This is 2 Samuel 3:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 said	cc
2	David	David	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Joab	case
5	Joab	Joab	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 said	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 people	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 people	cc
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 people	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 people	det:predet
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 people	det
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Joab	conj
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 him	nsubj
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 him	cop
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 him	case
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 people	acl:relcl
16	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 Rend	punct
17	'	'	PUNCT	_	18 Rend	punct
18	Rend	rend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
19	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 clothes	nmod:poss
20	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	18 Rend	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 gird	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 gird	cc
23	gird	gird	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 Rend	conj
24	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	23 gird	obj
25	with	with	ADP	_	26 sackcloth	case
26	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 gird	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 wail	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 wail	cc
29	wail	wail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 Rend	conj
30	before	before	ADP	_	31 Abner	case
31	Abner	Abner	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 wail	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
33	'	'	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
34	And	and	CCONJ	_	37 followed	cc
35	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 followed	compound
36	David	David	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 followed	nsubj
37	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	conj
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 bier	det
39	bier	bier	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 followed	obj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	David		Joab and all people			vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to joab=Experiencer clause=Topic
2	is	past	all people				with Joab	tree rules
3	rend	infinitive		your clothes				vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient
4	gird	infinitive		you			with sackcloth	tree rules
5	wail	infinitive				Abner		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before abner=Location
6	follow	past	David	the bier				vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bier=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יוֹאָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃

2 Samuel 3:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:102 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.102/