2 Samuel 2:23 · JPS 1917

Howbeit he refused to turn aside; wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him in the groin, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place; and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

Who acts: Abner, spear, many, Asahel · What happens: refuse, not turn, smote, come out, fall down, die · To what, where: Asahel, groin, place

This is 2 Samuel 2:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abner, spear, many, Asahel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Howbeit	howbeit	ADV	_	3 refused	advmod
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 refused	nsubj
3	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 turn	mark
5	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 refused	xcomp
6	aside	aside	ADV	_	5 turn	advmod
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 smote	punct
8	wherefore	wherefore	SCONJ	_	17 smote	mark
9	Abner	Abner	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 smote	nsubj
10	with	with	ADP	_	13 end	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 end	det
12	hinder	hinder	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 end	amod
13	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 smote	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 spear	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 spear	det
16	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 end	nmod
17	smote	smote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 refused	conj
18	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 smote	obj
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 groin	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 groin	det
21	groin	groin	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 smote	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 came	punct
23	that	that	SCONJ	_	26 came	mark
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 spear	det
25	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 came	nsubj
26	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 smote	advcl
27	out	out	ADV	_	26 came	advmod
28	behind	behind	ADP	_	29 him	case
29	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 came	obl
30	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 fell	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 fell	cc
32	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 fell	nsubj
33	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 refused	conj
34	down	down	ADV	_	35 there	advmod
35	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	33 fell	advmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 died	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 died	cc
38	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 fell	conj
39	in	in	ADP	_	42 place	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 place	det
41	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 place	amod
42	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 died	obl
43	;	;	PUNCT	_	46 came	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 came	cc
45	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 came	nsubj
46	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 refused	conj
47	to	to	PART	_	48 pass	mark
48	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	46 came	xcomp
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	64 stood	punct
50	that	that	SCONJ	_	64 stood	mark
51	as	as	ADV	_	52 many	advmod
52	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	64 stood	nsubj
53	as	as	SCONJ	_	54 came	mark
54	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	52 many	advcl
55	to	to	ADP	_	57 place	case
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 place	det
57	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 came	obl
58	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	60 fell	advmod
59	Asahel	Asahel	PROPN	Number=Sing	60 fell	nsubj
60	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	57 place	acl:relcl
61	down	down	ADV	_	60 fell	advmod
62	and	and	CCONJ	_	63 died	cc
63	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	60 fell	conj
64	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	46 came	csubj
65	still	still	ADV	_	64 stood	advmod
66	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 refused	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	past	Abner				howbeit property	vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not turn	to-infinitive	Abner not said here				aside property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	smote	past	Abner	Asahel	the groin	with the hinder end of the spear		tree rules
4	come out	past	the spear				behind Abner; out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
5	fall down	past	Abner		there			vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	die	past	Abner not said here				in the same place	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Attribute
7	come	past	spear					tree rules
8	pass	to-infinitive	spear not said here					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	come	past	many not said here		the place			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location
10	fall down	past	Asahel				down property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11	die	past	Asahel not said here					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
12	stand	past	many			still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן לָס֗וּר וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ אַבְנֵר֩ בְּאַחֲרֵ֨י הַחֲנִ֜ית אֶל־הַחֹ֗מֶשׁ וַתֵּצֵ֤א הַֽחֲנִית֙ מֵאַחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּפָּל־שָׁ֖ם וַיָּ֣מָת תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨פַל שָׁ֧ם עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וַיָּמֹ֖ת וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃

2 Samuel 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:57 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.57/