Isaiah 49:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3
Behold, I was left alone; these, where were they?'
Who acts: these · What happens: leave, be · To what, where: I
This is Isaiah 49:21 · JPS 1917, sentence 3 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 5 left | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Behold | punct |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 left | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 left | aux:pass |
| 5 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 left | xcomp |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 these | punct |
| 8 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 where | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 where | punct |
| 10 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 left | parataxis |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 where | cop |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 where | nsubj |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 left | punct |
| 14 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 left | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past · passive | I | alone property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | these | where property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ מִ֤י יָֽלַד־לִי֙ אֶת־אֵ֔לֶּה וַאֲנִ֥י שְׁכוּלָ֖ה וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה גֹּלָ֣ה ׀ וְסוּרָ֗ה וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִ֣י גִדֵּ֔ל הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה אֵיפֹ֥ה הֵֽם׃פ
Isaiah 49:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Then shalt thou say in thy heart: 'Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have been bereaved of my children, and am solitary, an exile, and wandering to and fro?
- And who hath brought up these?
- Behold, I was left alone; these, where were they?'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:1107 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.1107/