Isaiah 21:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3
A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.
Who acts: treacherous dealer, spoiler · What happens: declare, deal, spoil · To what, where: grievous vision
This is Isaiah 21:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (treacherous dealer, spoiler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 vision | det |
| 2 | grievous | grievous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 vision | amod |
| 3 | vision | vision | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 declared | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 declared | aux:pass |
| 5 | declared | declare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 7 me | case |
| 7 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 declared | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 dealeth | punct |
| 9 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 dealeth | punct |
| 10 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 dealer | det |
| 11 | treacherous | treacherous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 dealer | amod |
| 12 | dealer | dealer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dealeth | nsubj |
| 13 | dealeth | deal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 declared | parataxis |
| 14 | treacherously | treacherously | ADV | _ | 13 dealeth | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 spoileth | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 spoileth | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 spoiler | det |
| 18 | spoiler | spoiler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 spoileth | nsubj |
| 19 | spoileth | spoil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 dealeth | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 declared | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | declare speech: other | present · passive | a grievous vision | unto me | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | deal | present | the treacherous dealer | treacherously property | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | spoil | present | the spoiler | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃
Isaiah 21:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.
- Go up, O Elam! besiege, O Media!
- All the sighing thereof have I made to cease.'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:418 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.418/