Isaiah 22:13 · JPS 1917
And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!'
Who acts: you, us, we · What happens: behold, slay, kill, eat, drink, let · To what, where: joy, oxen, sheep, flesh, wine, us
This is Isaiah 22:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 2 behold | cc |
| 2 | behold | behold | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 behold | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 gladness | cc |
| 5 | gladness | gladness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 joy | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 slaying | punct |
| 7 | slaying | slay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 behold | advcl |
| 8 | oxen | ox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 slaying | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 killing | cc |
| 10 | killing | kill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 slaying | conj |
| 11 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 killing | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 eating | punct |
| 13 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 slaying | conj |
| 14 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 eating | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 drinking | cc |
| 16 | drinking | drink | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 eating | conj |
| 17 | wine | wine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 drinking | obj |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 Let | punct |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 Let | punct |
| 20 | Let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 behold | parataxis |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 Let | obj |
| 22 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 Let | xcomp |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 drink | cc |
| 24 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 eat | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 die | punct |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 tomorrow | case |
| 27 | tomorrow | tomorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 die | obl |
| 28 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 die | nsubj |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 die | aux |
| 30 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 drink | advcl |
| 31 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 20 Let | punct |
| 32 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 2 behold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | imperative | you not said here | joy and gladness | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joy=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | slay | gerund | you not said here | oxen | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient | ||||
| 3 | kill | gerund | you not said here | sheep | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme | ||||
| 4 | eat | gerund | you not said here | flesh | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient | ||||
| 5 | drink | gerund | you not said here | wine | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient | ||||
| 6 | let | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | eat | infinitive | us not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | drink | infinitive | us not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | die | shall | we | tomorrow | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג ׀ בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת׃
Isaiah 22:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:455 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.455/