Isaiah 28:2 · JPS 1917
Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence.
Who acts: Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail · What happens: have, overflow, cast down, storm · To what, where: mighty one, earth
This is Isaiah 28:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 5 hath | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Behold | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Lord | det |
| 4 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 hath | nsubj |
| 5 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 one | det |
| 7 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 one | amod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 strong | cc |
| 9 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 mighty | conj |
| 10 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hath | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 storm | punct |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 storm | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 storm | det |
| 14 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 one | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 hail | case |
| 16 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 storm | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 tempest | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 tempest | det |
| 19 | tempest | tempest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 one | appos |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 destruction | case |
| 21 | destruction | destruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tempest | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 storm | punct |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 storm | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 storm | det |
| 25 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 one | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 waters | case |
| 27 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 waters | amod |
| 28 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 storm | nmod |
| 29 | overflowing | overflow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 waters | acl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 casteth | punct |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 casteth | nsubj |
| 32 | casteth | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 one | acl:relcl |
| 33 | down | down | ADV | _ | 32 casteth | advmod |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 earth | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 earth | det |
| 36 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 casteth | obl |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 violence | case |
| 38 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 casteth | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hath | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the Lord | a mighty one | as a storm of hail; as a storm of mighty waters | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | |||
| 2 | overflow | gerund | mighty waters not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cast down | present | a mighty one | the earth | with violence; down property | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to earth=Destination | |||
| 4 | storm | hail | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 5 | storm | mighty waters | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃
Isaiah 28:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:560 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.560/