Isaiah 28:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail · What happens: have, overflow, cast down, storm · To what, where: mighty one, earth

This is Isaiah 28:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail — and what happens in the verse to mighty one, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃

Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִנֵּ֨ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	6 אדֹנ	discourse	there!
2	חָזָ֤ק	חָזָק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 אדֹנ	nsubj	a mighty [one]
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 אַמִּץ֙	cc	and
4	אַמִּץ֙	אַמִּיץ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 חָזָ֤ק	conj	a strong [one]
5	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	6 אדֹנ	case	[belongs] to
6	אדֹנ	אֲדֹנָי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	[the]
7	ָ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 אדֹנ	nmod:poss	Lord
8	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	9 זֶ֥רֶם	case	like
9	זֶ֥רֶם	זֶרֶם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 אדֹנ	parataxis	a storm
10	בָּרָ֖ד	בָּרָד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 זֶ֥רֶם	compound:smixut	of hail
11	שַׂ֣עַר	שַׂעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 זֶ֥רֶם	appos	a tempest
12	קָ֑טֶב	קֶטֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 שַׂ֣עַר	compound:smixut	of destruction
13	כְּ֠	כְּ	ADP	_	14 זֶרֶם	case	like
14	זֶרֶם	זֶרֶם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 זֶ֥רֶם	conj	a storm
15	מַ֣יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 זֶרֶם	compound:smixut	of waters
16	כַּבִּירִ֥ים	כַּבִּיר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 מַ֣יִם	amod	mighty
17	שֹׁטְפִ֛ים	שָׁטַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	15 מַ֣יִם	nmod	overflowing
18	הִנִּ֥יחַ	נוח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	6 אדֹנ	parataxis	he will thrust [it] down
19	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	21 אָ֖רֶץ	case	to
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 אָ֖רֶץ	det	the
21	אָ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 הִנִּ֥יחַ	obl	ground
22	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	23 יָֽד	case	with
23	יָֽד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 הִנִּ֥יחַ	obl	a hand
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 יָֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
שֹׁטְפִים overflowing	participle active · qal	מַיִם of waters
הִנִּיחַ he will thrust [it] down	qatal · hiphil				אדֹנ [the]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הָא מָחָן תַּקִיפָן וַחֲסִינָן אַתְיָן מִן קֳדָם יְיָ כְּזַרְמִית בָּרָד כְּעַלְעוּל רוּחַ כְּזַרְמִית מַיָין תַּקִיפִין שָׁטְפִין כֵּן יֵתוּן עֲלֵיהוֹן עַמְמַיָא וְיִגְלוּנוּן מֵאַרְעֲהוֹן לְאַרְעָא אוֹחֲרִי בְּחוֹבַיָא דִי בִידֵהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:511.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.2/