Isaiah 28:13 · JPS 1917
And so the word of the LORD is unto them precept by precept, precept by precept, line by line, line by line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken.
Who acts: word, rest · What happens: be, go, fall, break, snare, take · To what, where: precept, LORD
This is Isaiah 28:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, rest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 precept | cc |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 precept | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 word | det |
| 4 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 precept | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 LORD | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 LORD | det |
| 7 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 word | nmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 precept | cop |
| 9 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 precept | obl |
| 11 | precept | precept | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 precept | case |
| 13 | precept | precept | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 precept | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 precept | punct |
| 15 | precept | precept | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 precept | appos |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 precept | case |
| 17 | precept | precept | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 precept | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 line | punct |
| 19 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 precept | conj |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 line | case |
| 21 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 line | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 line | punct |
| 23 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 line | conj |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 line | case |
| 25 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 line | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 here | punct |
| 27 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 little | advmod |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 little | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 precept | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 there | punct |
| 31 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 little | advmod |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 little | det |
| 33 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 there | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 go | punct |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 go | mark |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 go | nsubj |
| 37 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 go | aux |
| 38 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 precept | advcl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 fall | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 fall | cc |
| 41 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 go | conj |
| 42 | backward | backward | ADV | _ | 41 fall | advmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 broken | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 broken | cc |
| 45 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 broken | aux:pass |
| 46 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 go | conj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 snared | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 snared | cc |
| 49 | snared | snare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 broken | conj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 taken | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 taken | cc |
| 52 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 46 broken | conj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 precept | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the word of the LORD | precept | unto rest; by precept | tree rules | |||
| 2 | go | may | rest | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fall | infinitive | rest not said here | backward property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | break | infinitive · passive | rest not said here | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 5 | snare | participle | rest not said here | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | take | participle | rest not said here | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | word | the LORD | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם דְּבַר־יְהוָ֗ה צַ֣ו לָצָ֞ו צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ קַ֤ו לָקָו֙ קַ֣ו לָקָ֔ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֣יר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן יֵלְכ֜וּ וְכָשְׁל֤וּ אָחוֹר֙ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃פ
Isaiah 28:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:573 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.573/