Isaiah 40:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?
Who acts: you · What happens: lift up, see, create · To what, where: eyes, these · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 40:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lift | lift | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 1 Lift | compound:prt |
| 3 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Lift | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 high | case |
| 6 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 Lift | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 see | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 see | cc |
| 9 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Lift | conj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 created | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Int | 13 created | nsubj |
| 12 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 created | aux |
| 13 | created | create | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 see | ccomp |
| 14 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 created | obj |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Lift | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=imp, act=request
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | imperative | you not said here | your eyes | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme on high=Destination | ||||
| 2 | see | infinitive | you not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | create | present · perfect | these | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ס
Isaiah 40:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?
- He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; by the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, not one faileth.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:865 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.865/