Isaiah 41:15 · JPS 1917
Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
Who acts: I, new threshing sledge, thou · What happens: make, have, thresh, beat · To what, where: new threshing sledge, thee, sharp teeth, mountains, hills
This is Isaiah 41:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, new threshing sledge, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 4 make | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Behold | punct |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 make | nsubj |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 make | iobj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 sledge | det |
| 7 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sledge | amod |
| 8 | threshing | threshing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sledge | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 threshing | punct |
| 10 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 11 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 sledge | acl |
| 12 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 teeth | amod |
| 13 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 having | obj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 thresh | punct |
| 15 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 17 thresh | nsubj |
| 16 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 17 thresh | aux |
| 17 | thresh | thresh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 make | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 mountains | det |
| 19 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 thresh | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 beat | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 beat | cc |
| 22 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 thresh | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 beat | obj |
| 24 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 beat | xcomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 make | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 make | cc |
| 27 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 28 make | aux |
| 28 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 thresh | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hills | det |
| 30 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 make | obj |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 32 chaff | case |
| 32 | chaff | chaff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 make | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- promise
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=promise
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | I | a new threshing sledge | thee | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary sledge=Product | |||
| 2 | have | gerund | a new threshing sledge not said here | sharp teeth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 3 | thresh | shall | thou | the mountains | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | beat | infinitive | thou not said here | mountains = mountain | small property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme | |||
| 5 | make | shall | thou not said here | the hills | as chaff | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hill=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים׃
Isaiah 41:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:890 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.890/