Joshua 10:25 · JPS 1917
And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.'
Who acts: Joshua, LORD, ye · What happens: say, not fear, dismay, be, do, fight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 10:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, LORD, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Joshua | Joshua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fear | punct |
| 7 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fear | punct |
| 8 | Fear | fear | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 Fear | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 dismayed | punct |
| 11 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 13 dismayed | cc |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 dismayed | aux:pass |
| 13 | dismayed | dismay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 Fear | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 strong | punct |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 strong | cop |
| 16 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 Fear | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 courage | cc |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 courage | case |
| 19 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 courage | amod |
| 20 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 strong | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 do | punct |
| 22 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 27 do | mark |
| 23 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 27 do | advmod |
| 24 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 do | aux |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 LORD | det |
| 26 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 do | nsubj |
| 27 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | parataxis |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 enemies | case |
| 29 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 enemies | det:predet |
| 30 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 31 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 do | obl |
| 32 | against | against | ADP | _ | 33 whom | case |
| 33 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 fight | obl |
| 34 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 fight | nsubj |
| 35 | fight | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 enemies | acl:relcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 37 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=request, indirect=0, form=imp, polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Joshua | unto people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not fear | infinitive | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | dismay | infinitive · passive | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | ||||||
| 4 | is | infinitive | strong property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | do | shall | the LORD | to your enemies; thus property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | fight | present | ye | against your enemies | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃
Joshua 10:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:247 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.247/