Joshua 10:25 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua, LORD, ye · What happens: say, not fear, dismay, be, do, fight · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 10:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, LORD, ye — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃

And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	4 הֶם֙	case	to
4	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	them
5	יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Joshua
6	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	7 תִּֽירְא֖וּ	advmod	do not
7	תִּֽירְא֖וּ	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	be afraid
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 תֵּחָ֑תּוּ	cc	and
9	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	10 תֵּחָ֑תּוּ	advmod	do not
10	תֵּחָ֑תּוּ	חָתַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	7 תִּֽירְא֖וּ	conj	be dismayed
11	חִזְק֣וּ	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	7 תִּֽירְא֖וּ	parataxis	be strong
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 אִמְצ֔וּ	cc	and
13	אִמְצ֔וּ	אָמֵץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	11 חִזְק֣וּ	conj	be bold
14	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה	mark	(dm)
15	כָ֗כָה	כָּכָה	ADV	_	16 יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה	advmod	thus
16	יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 תִּֽירְא֖וּ	advcl	he will do
17	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	16 יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה	nsubj	Yahweh
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 כָל־	case	to
19	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה	obl	all
20	אֹ֣יְבֵי	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	19 כָל־	compound:smixut	enemies
21	כֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 אֹ֣יְבֵי	nmod:poss	your
22	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	24 נִלְחָמִ֥ים	mark	whom
23	אַתֶּ֖ם	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 נִלְחָמִ֥ים	nsubj	you
24	נִלְחָמִ֥ים	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	19 כָל־	acl:relcl	[are] fighting
25	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	26 ָֽם	case
26	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 נִלְחָמִ֥ים	obj	them
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
not תִּֽירְאוּ be afraid	jussive · qal
not תֵּחָתּוּ be dismayed	jussive · niphal
חִזְקוּ be strong	imperative · qal
אִמְצוּ be bold	imperative · qal
יַעֲשֶׂה he will do	yiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
נִלְחָמִים [are] fighting	participle active · niphal	אַתֶּם you	ָֽם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לָא תִדַחֲלוּן וְלָא תִתַּבְּרוּן תַּקִיפוּ וַעֲלִימוּ אֲרֵי כְּדֵין יַעֲבֵּד יְיָ לְכָל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן דְאַתּוּן מַגִיחִין קְרָבָא בְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:237.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.25/