Joshua 10:24 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: people, Joshua, men · What happens: come, pass, bring, call, say, go · To what, where: cave, kings, feet, necks · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 10:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Joshua, men — and what happens in the verse to cave, kings, feet, necks, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃

And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the chiefs of the men of war that went with him: 'Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings.' And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִי	cc	and
2	יְהִי	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כְּֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 הוֹצִיא	case	just
4	הוֹצִיא	יָצָא	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 יְהִי	advcl	as
5	ָ֞ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 הוֹצִיא	nsubj	they brought out
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 מְּלָכִ֣ים	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 מְּלָכִ֣ים	det	the
8	מְּלָכִ֣ים	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 הוֹצִיא	obj	kings
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אֵלֶּה֮	det	(the)
10	אֵלֶּה֮	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 מְּלָכִ֣ים	det	these
11	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒	case	to
12	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	4 הוֹצִיא	obl	Joshua
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּקְרָ֨א	cc	and
14	יִּקְרָ֨א	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי	conj	he summoned
15	יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	14 יִּקְרָ֨א	nsubj	Joshua
16	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	17 כָּל־	case	(to)
17	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יִּקְרָ֨א	obl	every
18	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 כָּל־	compound:smixut	(the) man
19	יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	18 אִ֣ישׁ	compound:smixut	of Israel
20	וַ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יֹּאמֶר	cc	and
21	יֹּאמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי	conj	he said
22	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	23 קְצִינֵ֞י	case	to
23	קְצִינֵ֞י	קָצִין	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	21 יֹּאמֶר	obl	the commanders
24	אַנְשֵׁ֤י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 קְצִינֵ֞י	compound:smixut	of the men
25	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 מִּלְחָמָה֙	det	of (the)
26	מִּלְחָמָה֙	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 אַנְשֵׁ֤י	compound:smixut	war
27	הֶ	הַ	SCONJ	_	28 הָלְכ֣וּא	mark	who
28	הָלְכ֣וּא	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	23 קְצִינֵ֞י	appos	they had gone
29	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	30 ֔וֹ	case	with
30	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 הָלְכ֣וּא	obl	him
31	קִרְב֗וּ	קָרַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	21 יֹּאמֶר	ccomp	draw near
32	שִׂ֚ימוּ	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	31 קִרְב֗וּ	parataxis	put
33	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	34 רַגְלֵי	case	(et)
34	רַגְלֵי	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	32 שִׂ֚ימוּ	obj	feet
35	כֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	34 רַגְלֵי	nmod:poss	your
36	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	37 צַוְּארֵ֖י	case	on
37	צַוְּארֵ֖י	צַוָּאר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	32 שִׂ֚ימוּ	obl	the necks
38	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	39 מְּלָכִ֣ים	det	of
39	מְּלָכִ֣ים	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	37 צַוְּארֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the kings
40	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	41 אֵ֑לֶּה	det	(the)
41	אֵ֑לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	39 מְּלָכִ֣ים	det	these
42	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	43 יִּקְרְב֔וּ	cc	and
43	יִּקְרְב֔וּ	קָרַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִי	conj	they drew near
44	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	45 יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ	cc	and
45	יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִי	conj	they put
46	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	47 רַגְלֵי	case	(et)
47	רַגְלֵי	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	45 יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ	obj	feet
48	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	47 רַגְלֵי	nmod:poss	their
49	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	50 צַוְּארֵי	case	on
50	צַוְּארֵי	צַוָּאר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	45 יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ	obl	necks
51	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	50 צַוְּארֵי	nmod:poss	their
52	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	51 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
הוֹצִיא as	infinitive construct · hiphil	מְּלָכִים kings		ָם they brought out
יִּקְרָא he summoned	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
הָלְכוּא they had gone	qatal · qal	קְצִינֵי the commanders
קִרְבוּ draw near	imperative · qal	קְצִינֵי the commanders
שִׂימוּ put	imperative · qal	קְצִינֵי the commanders	רַגְלֵי feet
יִּקְרְבוּ they drew near	wayyiqtol · qal	קְצִינֵי the commanders
יָּשִׂימוּ they put	wayyiqtol · qal	קְצִינֵי the commanders	רַגְלֵי feet

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד אַפִּיקוּ יַת מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּקְרָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְכָל אֱנָשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר לְשִׁלְטוֹנֵי גַבְרֵי מְגִיחֵי קְרָבָא דַאֲזַלוּ עִמֵיהּ קִרְבוּ שַׁווּ יַת רִגְלֵיכוֹן עַל צַוְארֵי מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין וּקְרִיבוּ וְשַׁוִיאוּ יַת רִגְלֵיהוֹן עַל צַוְארֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the chiefs of the men of war that went with him: 'Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings.' And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:236.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.24/