Malachi 2:3 · JPS 1917
Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it.
Who acts: I, your · What happens: rebuke, spread, take away, hurt, sacrifice · To what, where: seed, dung, faces, ye
This is Malachi 2:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 5 rebuke | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Behold | punct |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 rebuke | nsubj |
| 4 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 rebuke | aux |
| 5 | rebuke | rebuke | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 seed | det |
| 7 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rebuke | obj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 hurt | case |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 hurt | nmod:poss |
| 10 | hurt | hurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rebuke | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 spread | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 spread | cc |
| 13 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 spread | aux |
| 14 | spread | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 rebuke | conj |
| 15 | dung | dung | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spread | obj |
| 16 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 faces | case |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 faces | nmod:poss |
| 18 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 spread | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dung | punct |
| 20 | even | even | ADV | _ | 22 dung | advmod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 dung | det |
| 22 | dung | dung | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 faces | appos |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 sacrifices | case |
| 24 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 sacrifices | nmod:poss |
| 25 | sacrifices | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dung | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 taken | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 taken | cc |
| 28 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 31 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 taken | aux |
| 30 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 taken | aux:pass |
| 31 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 rebuke | conj |
| 32 | away | away | ADV | _ | 31 taken | advmod |
| 33 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 34 it | case |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 taken | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rebuke | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- promise
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rebuke | future | I | the seed | for your hurt | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent seed=Theme for hurt=Attribute | |||
| 2 | spread | future | I not said here | dung | your faces | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dung=Theme upon face=Destination | |||
| 3 | take away | shall · passive | ye | unto dung; away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hurt | your | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 5 | sacrifice | your | nom sacrifice «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו׃
Malachi 2:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:22 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.22/