Malachi 2:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3
Have we not all one father?
This is Malachi 2:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 1 Have | nsubj |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 Have | advmod |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 father | det |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 father | nummod |
| 6 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Have | obj |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃
Malachi 2:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Have we not all one father?
- Hath not one God created us?
- Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:29 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.29/