Malachi 2:10 מַלְאָכִי

Who acts: one God, we, fathers · What happens: not create, deal, profane, covenant · To what, where: us, man, covenant

This is Malachi 2:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one God, we, fathers — and what happens in the verse to us, man, covenant, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃

Have we not all one father? Hath not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	6 כֻלּ	advmod	?
2	ל֨וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	6 כֻלּ	advmod	not
3	אָ֤ב	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 כֻלּ	nsubj	[does] a father
4	אֶחָד֙	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אָ֤ב	nummod	one
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 כֻלּ	case	[belong] to
6	כֻלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	all
7	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 כֻלּ	nmod:poss	of us
8	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	12 בְּרָא	advmod	?
9	ל֛וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	12 בְּרָא	advmod	not
10	אֵ֥ל	אֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 בְּרָא	nsubj	God
11	אֶֽחָ֖ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 אֵ֥ל	nummod	one
12	בְּרָא	בָּרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 כֻלּ	parataxis	did
13	ָ֑נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 בְּרָא	obj	he create us
14	מַדּ֗וּעַ	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	15 נִבְגַּד֙	advmod	why?
15	נִבְגַּד֙	בָּגַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	6 כֻלּ	parataxis	do we deal treacherously
16	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 נִבְגַּד֙	obl	each
17	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 אָחִ֔י	case	with
18	אָחִ֔י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אִ֣ישׁ	nmod	brother
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 אָחִ֔י	nmod:poss	his
20	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	21 חַלֵּ֖ל	case	to
21	חַלֵּ֖ל	חָלַל	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	15 נִבְגַּד֙	advcl	profane
22	בְּרִ֥ית	בְּרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 חַלֵּ֖ל	obj	the covenant
23	אֲבֹתֵֽי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 בְּרִ֥ית	compound:smixut	our ancestors
24	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 אֲבֹתֵֽי	nmod:poss	our
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not בְּרָא did	qatal · qal	אֵל God	ָנוּ he create us
נִבְגַּד do we deal treacherously	yiqtol · qal
חַלֵּל profane	infinitive construct · piel		בְּרִית the covenant

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הֲלָא אַבָּא חַד לְכֻלָנָא הֲלָא אֱלָהָא חַד בָּרָא יָתָנָא מָא דֵין נְשַׁקֵר גְבַר בַּאֲחוֹהִי לַאֲפָסָא קְיָמָא דִי עִם אֲבָהָתָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:MAL:23.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.10/