Malachi 2:11 מַלְאָכִי

Who acts: Judah · What happens: deal, commit, profane, love, marry · To what, where: abomination, Israel, holiness, daughter

This is Malachi 2:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah — and what happens in the verse to abomination, Israel, holiness, daughter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃

Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, and hath married the daughter of a strange god.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בָּגְדָ֣ה	בָּגַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has acted treacherously
2	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	1 בָּגְדָ֣ה	nsubj	Judah
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה	cc	and
4	תוֹעֵבָ֛ה	תּוֹעֵבַה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה	nsubj	an abomination
5	נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 בָּגְדָ֣ה	conj	it has been done
6	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	case	in
7	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	5 נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה	obl	Israel
8	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	cc	and
9	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	case	in
10	ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	conj	Jerusalem
11	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	13 חִלֵּ֣ל	mark	(dm)
12	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	11 כִּ֣י	punct
13	חִלֵּ֣ל	חָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	1 בָּגְדָ֣ה	advcl	it has profaned
14	יְהוּדָ֗ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	13 חִלֵּ֣ל	nsubj	Judah
15	קֹ֤דֶשׁ	קֹדֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 חִלֵּ֣ל	obj	the sanctuary
16	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	15 קֹ֤דֶשׁ	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
17	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	18 אָהֵ֔ב	mark	which
18	אָהֵ֔ב	אָהֵב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	15 קֹ֤דֶשׁ	acl:relcl	he loves
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 בָעַ֖ל	cc	and
20	בָעַ֖ל	בָּעַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 בָּגְדָ֣ה	conj	it has married
21	בַּת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 בָעַ֖ל	obj	a daughter
22	אֵ֥ל	אֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 בַּת־	compound:smixut	of a god
23	נֵכָֽר	נֵכָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 אֵ֥ל	compound:smixut	of foreignness
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 נֵכָֽר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
בָּגְדָה it has acted treacherously	qatal · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
נֶעֶשְׂתָה it has been done	qatal · niphal		תוֹעֵבָה an abomination
חִלֵּל it has profaned	qatal · piel	יְהוּדָה Judah	קֹדֶשׁ the sanctuary
אָהֵב he loves	qatal · qal	יְהוָה of Yahweh	קֹדֶשׁ the sanctuary
בָעַל it has married	qatal · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah	בַּת־ a daughter

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

שְׁקַרוּ דְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְתוֹעֶבְתָּא אִתְעֲבִידַת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבִירוּשְׁלֵם אֲרֵי אֲפִיסוּ דְבֵית יְהוּדָה נַפְשֵׁהוֹן דַהֲוָת קַדִישָׁא קֳדָם יְיָ דִרְחַם וְאִתְרְעִיאוּ לְמִסַב לְהוֹן נְשִׁין בְּנַת פַּלְחֵי כּוֹכְבַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, and hath married the daughter of a strange god.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:MAL:24.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.11/