Nahum 3:3 · JPS 1917
The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;
Who acts: end, corpses · What happens: be, stumble · To what, where: corpses
This is Nahum 3:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (end, corpses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 horseman | det |
| 2 | horseman | horseman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 charging | nsubj |
| 3 | charging | charging | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sword | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 sword | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sword | det |
| 7 | flashing | flash | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sword | amod |
| 8 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 charging | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 spear | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 spear | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 spear | det |
| 12 | glittering | glitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 spear | amod |
| 13 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 charging | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 multitude | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 multitude | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 multitude | det |
| 17 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 charging | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 slain | case |
| 19 | slain | slain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 multitude | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 heap | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 heap | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 heap | det |
| 23 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 multitude | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 carcases | case |
| 25 | carcases | carcase | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 heap | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 is | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 is | cc |
| 28 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 29 is | expl |
| 29 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 charging | conj |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 end | det |
| 31 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 is | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 corpses | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 corpses | det |
| 34 | corpses | corpse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 end | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 stumble | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 stumble | cc |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 stumble | nsubj |
| 38 | stumble | stumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 is | conj |
| 39 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 41 corpses | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 corpses | nmod:poss |
| 41 | corpses | corpse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 stumble | obl |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 charging | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | no end of the corpses | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stumble | present | corpses = corpse | corpses's corpses | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon corpse=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃
Nahum 3:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:36 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.36/