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home / corpora / Tanakh / Nevi'im / Nahum / chapter 3 / 3:3

Nahum 3:3 נַחוּם

Who acts: end, corpses · What happens: be, stumble · To what, where: corpses

This is Nahum 3:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — end, corpses — and what happens in the verse to corpses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃

The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

nsubjccconjcompound:smixutccconjcompound:smixutccconjcompound:smixutccconjcompound:smixutccconjnsubjcasedetoblccconjcaseoblnmod:posspunctrootפָּרָשׁNOUNa horsemanמַעֲלֶהVERBbringing upוְCCONJand [the]לַהַבNOUNbladeחֶרֶבNOUNof a swordוּCCONJand [the]בְרַקNOUNlightning flashחֲנִיתNOUNof a spearוְCCONJand [the]רֹבNOUNmultitudeחָלָלADJof [the] slainוְCCONJand [the]כֹבֶדNOUNweightפָּגֶרNOUNof corpse[s]וְCCONJandאֵיןADVthere [is] notקֵצֶהNOUNan endלַADPtoהDETtheגְּוִיָּהNOUNcorpse[s]וְCCONJandכָשְׁלוּVERBpeople will stumbleבִּADPoverגְוִיָּתNOUNcorpse[s]ָֽםPRONtheir׃PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelationgloss
1פָּרָ֣שׁפָּרָשׁNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing2 מַעֲלֶ֗הnsubja horseman
2מַעֲלֶ֗העָלָהVERBGender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Singrootrootbringing up
3וְוְCCONJ_4 לַ֤הַבccand [the]
4לַ֤הַבלַהַבNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing2 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjblade
5חֶ֙רֶב֙חֶרֶבNOUNGender=Fem Number=Sing4 לַ֤הַבcompound:smixutof a sword
6וּוְCCONJ_7 בְרַ֣קccand [the]
7בְרַ֣קבָּרָקNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing2 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjlightning flash
8חֲנִ֔יתחֲנִיתNOUNGender=Fem Number=Sing7 בְרַ֣קcompound:smixutof a spear
9וְוְCCONJ_10 רֹ֥בccand [the]
10רֹ֥ברֹבNOUNNumber=Sing2 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjmultitude
11חָלָ֖לחָלָלADJGender=Masc Number=Sing10 רֹ֥בcompound:smixutof [the] slain
12וְוְCCONJ_13 כֹ֣בֶדccand [the]
13כֹ֣בֶדכֹּבֶדNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing2 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjweight
14פָּ֑גֶרפֶּגֶרNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing13 כֹ֣בֶדcompound:smixutof corpse[s]
15וְוְCCONJ_16 אֵ֥יןccand
16אֵ֥יןאַיִןADV_2 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjthere [is] not
17קֵ֙צֶה֙קֵצֶהNOUNNumber=Sing16 אֵ֥יןnsubjan end
18לַלְADP_20 גְּוִיָּ֔הcaseto
19ההַDETPronType=Art20 גְּוִיָּ֔הdetthe
20גְּוִיָּ֔הגְּוִיָּהNOUNGender=Fem Number=Sing16 אֵ֥יןoblcorpse[s]
21וְוְCCONJ_22 כָשְׁל֖וּccand
22כָשְׁל֖וּכָּשַׁלVERBGender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=32 מַעֲלֶ֗הconjpeople will stumble
23בִּבְּADP_24 גְוִיָּתcaseover
24גְוִיָּתגְּוִיָּהNOUNGender=Fem Number=Sing22 כָשְׁל֖וּoblcorpse[s]
25ָֽםהוּאPRONGender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs24 גְוִיָּתnmod:posstheir
26׃׃PUNCT_25 ָֽםpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
character
speech
inside a quote begun earlier
negation
yes
verbform · stemwho (A0)what, whom (A1)to whom, further (A2)who makes it happen (AA)
not מַעֲלֶה bringing upparticiple active · hiphilפָּרָשׁ a horseman
כָשְׁלוּ people will stumbleqatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

פָּרַשׁ מַסִיק וּלְהוֹב וְצַלְהוּב סַיְפִין וְצִחְצוּחַ מוּרְנִין וּסְגִי קְטִילִין וַהֲמוֹן פִּגְרִין לֵית סוֹף לִקְטִילַיָא יִתְקְלוּן בִּקְטִילֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

  1. The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:30.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.3/