Nahum 3:17 · JPS 1917
Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers, which camp in the walls in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are.
Who acts: crowned, swarms, sun · What happens: be, camp, arise, flee away, not know · To what, where: walls, place
This is Nahum 3:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crowned, swarms, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 2 crowned | nmod:poss |
| 2 | crowned | crowned | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 locusts | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 locusts | cop |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 locusts | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 locusts | det |
| 6 | locusts | locust | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 marshals | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 marshals | cc |
| 9 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 10 marshals | nmod:poss |
| 10 | marshals | marshal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 locusts | conj |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 swarms | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 swarms | det |
| 13 | swarms | swarm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 marshals | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 grasshoppers | case |
| 15 | grasshoppers | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 swarms | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 camp | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 camp | nsubj |
| 18 | camp | camp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 swarms | acl:relcl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 walls | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 walls | det |
| 21 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 camp | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 day | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 day | det |
| 24 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 day | amod |
| 25 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 camp | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 flee | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 flee | cc |
| 28 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 31 ariseth | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sun | det |
| 30 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 ariseth | nsubj |
| 31 | ariseth | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 flee | advcl |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 flee | nsubj |
| 33 | flee | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 locusts | conj |
| 34 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 flee | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 known | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 known | cc |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 place | nmod:poss |
| 38 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 known | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 known | aux:pass |
| 40 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 known | advmod |
| 41 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 flee | conj |
| 42 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 41 known | advcl |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 where | nsubj |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 where | cop |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 locusts | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Thy crowned | as the locusts and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | camp | present | the swarms of grasshoppers | the walls | day | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wall=Location | |||
| 3 | arise | present | the sun | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | flee away | present | crowned | away property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not know | present · passive | crowned's place | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | is | present | crowned | where property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מִנְּזָרַ֙יִךְ֙ כָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְטַפְסְרַ֖יִךְ כְּג֣וֹב גֹּבָ֑י הַֽחוֹנִ֤ים בַּגְּדֵרוֹת֙ בְּי֣וֹם קָרָ֔ה שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה֙ וְנוֹדַ֔ד וְלֹֽא־נוֹדַ֥ע מְקוֹמ֖וֹ אַיָּֽם׃
Nahum 3:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:50 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.50/