Exam question 1 · Being a good grown-up

Identify the principal reason for which reliable persons restrict their undertakings to those they are able to fulfil.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, reliable persons, persons · What happens: identify, restrict, be, fulfil, undertake · To what, where: principal reason, undertakings

This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Being a good grown-up» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 restrict	obl
7	reliable	reliable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 persons	amod
8	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 restrict	nsubj
9	restrict	restrict	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 undertakings	nmod:poss
11	undertakings	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 restrict	obj
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 those	case
13	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 restrict	obl
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 able	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 able	cop
16	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 those	acl:relcl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 fulfil	mark
18	fulfil	fulfil	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 able	xcomp
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	restrict	present	reliable persons	persons's undertakings	the principal reason	for the principal reason	vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer undertaking=Patient to that=Goal
3	is	present	persons = person			able property	tree rules
4	fulfil	to-infinitive	persons = person not said here				tree rules
5	undertake		persons = person				nom undertaking «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

So that every promise made may in fact be kept

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	10 kept	advmod
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 kept	mark
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 promise	det
4	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kept	nsubj:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 promise	acl
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 kept	aux
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 fact	case
8	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kept	obl
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 kept	aux:pass
10	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		every promise not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	keep	may · passive		every promise		fact			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in fact=Location

Option 2

So that promises need never again be made in writing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	8 made	advmod
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 promises	det
3	promises	promise	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 made	nsubj:pass
4	need	need	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 made	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 again	advmod
6	again	again	ADV	_	8 made	advmod
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 made	aux:pass
8	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 writing	case
10	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		that promises		writing	again		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 3

So that others are prevented from asking favours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	5 prevented	advmod
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 prevented	mark
3	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 prevented	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prevented	aux:pass
5	prevented	prevent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	SCONJ	_	7 asking	mark
7	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 prevented	advcl
8	favours	favour	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 asking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present · passive		others					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	ask speech: ask	gerund		favours					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent favour=Recipient

Option 4

So that they are relieved of all further obligations

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	5 relieved	advmod
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 relieved	mark
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 relieved	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 relieved	cop
5	relieved	relieved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 obligations	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 obligations	det
8	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 obligations	amod
9	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 relieved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					of all further obligations; relieved property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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