Exam question 4 · In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot
Ascertain the principal reason for which the formula "it was reported that" is employed in respect of news concerning artificial intelligence.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, formula, news · What happens: ascertain, report, employ, concern, respect · To what, where: principal reason, formula, respect, artificial intelligence, news
This is exam question 4 of lesson 20 «In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 employed | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 formula | det |
| 8 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 employed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 reported | punct |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 reported | aux:pass |
| 12 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 formula | acl:relcl |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 reported | mark |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 reported | punct |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 employed | aux:pass |
| 16 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 respect | case |
| 18 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 employed | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 news | case |
| 20 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 respect | nmod |
| 21 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 news | acl |
| 22 | artificial | artificial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 intelligence | amod |
| 23 | intelligence | intelligence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 concerning | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | report in a quote | past · passive | the formula not said here | formula | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | employ | present · passive | the formula | respect of news | for the principal reason | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for which=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | concern | gerund | news not said here | artificial intelligence | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus intelligence=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | respect | news | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The formula renders a report more dramatic
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 formula | det |
| 2 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 renders | nsubj |
| 3 | renders | render | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 report | det |
| 5 | report | report | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 renders | obj |
| 6 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 dramatic | advmod |
| 7 | dramatic | dramatic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 renders | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | render | present | the formula | a report | dramatic property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent report=Theme |
Option 2
The formula is required solely in courts of law
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 formula | det |
| 2 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 required | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 required | aux:pass |
| 4 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | solely | solely | ADV | _ | 4 required | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 courts | case |
| 7 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 required | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 law | case |
| 9 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 courts | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | present · passive | the formula | courts of law | solely property | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
The speaker did not witness the events, and reports may be mistaken
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 speaker | det |
| 2 | speaker | speaker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 did | nsubj |
| 3 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 witness | advmod |
| 5 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 did | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 events | det |
| 7 | events | event | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 did | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 mistaken | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 mistaken | cc |
| 10 | reports | report | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 mistaken | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 mistaken | aux |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 mistaken | aux:pass |
| 13 | mistaken | mistake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 did | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | the speaker | witness | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mistake | may · passive | reports | tree rules |
Option 4
The formula signifies that the report is certainly untrue
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 formula | det |
| 2 | formula | formula | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 signifies | nsubj |
| 3 | signifies | signify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 untrue | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 report | det |
| 6 | report | report | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 untrue | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 untrue | cop |
| 8 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 9 untrue | advmod |
| 9 | untrue | untrue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 signifies | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | signify | present | the formula | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the report | certainly, untrue property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/e4/