Test 1 · ★ · In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot
"lawyers are smart, if a chatbot gave them cases they must be real" What do you say?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lawyers, chatbot, you · What happens: be, give, say · To what, where: cases, lawyers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 20 «In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 smart | punct |
| 2 | lawyers | lawyer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 smart | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 smart | cop |
| 4 | smart | smart | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 smart | punct |
| 6 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 gave | mark |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 chatbot | det |
| 8 | chatbot | chatbot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gave | nsubj |
| 9 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 smart | advcl |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 gave | iobj |
| 11 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 gave | obj |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 real | nsubj |
| 13 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 real | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 real | cop |
| 15 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 cases | acl:relcl |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 say | punct |
| 17 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 20 say | obj |
| 18 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 say | aux |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 say | nsubj |
| 20 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 real | conj |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 smart | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | lawyers | smart property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past | a chatbot | cases | lawyers = lawyer | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient case=Theme | |||
| 3 | is in a quote | must | lawyers = lawyer | cases not said here | real property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present · do-support | you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
Even experts must check; it was reported the cases were invented
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Even | even | ADV | _ | 2 experts | advmod |
| 2 | experts | expert | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 check | nsubj |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 check | aux |
| 4 | check | check | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 reported | punct |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 reported | aux:pass |
| 8 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 check | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cases | det |
| 10 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 invented | aux:pass |
| 12 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 reported | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | check | must | experts | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | report | past · passive | it | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | invent | past · passive | the cases | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
Option 2
Courts allow made-up cases if they sound good
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 allow | nsubj |
| 2 | allow | allow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 cases | amod |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 up | punct |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 made | compound:prt |
| 6 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 allow | obj |
| 7 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 sound | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 sound | nsubj |
| 9 | sound | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 allow | advcl |
| 10 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sound | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | allow | present | Courts | made cases | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | make up | participle | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | sound a condition, not said to happen | present | Courts = court | good property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
Option 3
Chatbots only invent things for children
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chatbots | chatbot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 invent | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 invent | advmod |
| 3 | invent | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 invent | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 children | case |
| 6 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 invent | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | present | Chatbots | things | for children | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent thing=Result for child=Beneficiary |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
Lawyers can't be wrong about cases, so the cases must have been real
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lawyers | lawyer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 wrong | aux |
| 3 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 wrong | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 wrong | cop |
| 5 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | about | about | ADP | _ | 7 cases | case |
| 7 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 wrong | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 real | punct |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 real | advmod |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cases | det |
| 11 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 real | nsubj |
| 12 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 real | aux |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 real | aux |
| 14 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 real | cop |
| 15 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 wrong | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | can | Lawyers | about cases; wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | must · perfect | the cases | real property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/t1/