Exam question 1 · Music lessons and the recorder

Identify the principal reason for which a recorder emits a shrill and unintended sound when the performer exhales with excessive force.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, recorder, performer · What happens: identify, emit, exhale · To what, where: principal reason, shrill sound

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 emits	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 recorder	det
8	recorder	recorder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 emits	nsubj
9	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 sound	det
11	shrill	shrill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 sound	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 unintended	cc
13	unintended	unintended	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 shrill	conj
14	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 emits	obj
15	when	when	SCONJ	_	18 exhales	mark
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 performer	det
17	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 exhales	nsubj
18	exhales	exhale	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 emits	advcl
19	with	with	ADP	_	21 force	case
20	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 force	amod
21	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 exhales	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	emit	present	a recorder	a shrill sound	for the principal reason	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source sound=Theme
3	exhale	present	the performer		with excessive force	vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The instrument is designed to sound only at maximum force

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 instrument	det
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 designed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 designed	aux:pass
4	designed	design	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 sound	mark
6	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 designed	advcl
7	only	only	ADV	_	10 force	advmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 force	case
9	maximum	maximum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 force	amod
10	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sound	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	design	present · passive		the instrument					vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	sound	to-infinitive		maximum force					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location force=Theme

Option 2

The instrument has sustained structural damage, such as a crack along the pipe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 instrument	det
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sustained	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sustained	aux
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	structural	structural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 damage	amod
6	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sustained	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 crack	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 crack	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 crack	det
11	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 damage	appos
12	along	along	ADP	_	14 pipe	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 pipe	det
14	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crack	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	present · perfect · passive		the instrument					tree rules

Option 3

The performer has failed to employ sufficient breath

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 performer	det
2	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 failed	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 failed	aux
4	failed	fail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 employ	mark
6	employ	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 failed	xcomp
7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 breath	amod
8	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 employ	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fail	present · perfect	the performer						vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	not employ	to-infinitive	the performer not said here	sufficient breath					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The instrument is caused to overblow into a higher and harsher register

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 instrument	det
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caused	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caused	aux:pass
4	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 overblow	mark
6	overblow	overblow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 caused	xcomp
7	into	into	ADP	_	12 register	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 register	det
9	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 register	amod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 harsher	cc
11	harsher	harsh	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 higher	conj
12	register	register	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 overblow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive		the instrument					tree rules
2	overblow	to-infinitive	the instrument not said here			a higher register			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder/e1/