Exam question 4 · Famous artists, simply (Van Gogh, Kahlo, Picasso, Hokusai,…

Ascertain the reason most widely advanced for the predominance of men among celebrated painters of former centuries.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, men · What happens: ascertain, celebrate, predominate · To what, where: reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 16 «Famous artists, simply (Van Gogh, Kahlo, Picasso, Hokusai, Bilokur, Prymachenko, Qi Baishi...)» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 widely	advmod
5	widely	widely	ADV	_	6 advanced	advmod
6	advanced	advanced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reason	acl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 predominance	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 predominance	det
9	predominance	predominance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 advanced	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 men	case
11	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 predominance	nmod
12	among	among	ADP	_	14 painters	case
13	celebrated	celebrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 painters	amod
14	painters	painter	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 men	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 centuries	case
16	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 centuries	amod
17	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 painters	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	celebrate	participle			vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	predominate		men among celebrated painters of former centuries		nom predominance «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The prohibition of the sale of paint to women

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 prohibition	det
2	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 sale	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sale	det
5	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prohibition	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 paint	case
7	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sale	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 women	case
9	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 prohibition	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit			the sale of paint				to women	nom prohibition «communication transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The frequent exclusion of women from academies of art and their subsequent neglect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 exclusion	det
2	frequent	frequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 exclusion	amod
3	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 women	case
5	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exclusion	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 academies	case
7	academies	academy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 women	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 art	case
9	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 academies	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 neglect	cc
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 neglect	nmod:poss
12	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 neglect	amod
13	neglect	neglect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exclusion	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exclude			women from academies of art					nom exclusion «state transitive»: of=patient
2	neglect		academies = academy						nom neglect «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The incapacity of women to employ paint

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 incapacity	det
2	incapacity	incapacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 women	case
4	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 incapacity	nmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 employ	mark
6	employ	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 incapacity	acl
7	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 employ	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	to-infinitive		paint					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Theme

Option 4

The absence of any woman who wished to paint in the centuries before photography

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absence	det
2	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wished	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 woman	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 woman	det
5	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absence	nmod
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 wished	nsubj
7	wished	wish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 paint	mark
9	paint	paint	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 wished	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 centuries	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 centuries	det
12	centuries	century	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 paint	obl
13	before	before	ADP	_	14 photography	case
14	photography	photography	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 paint	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	wish	past	the absence of any woman				vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	paint not said to happen	to-infinitive	the absence of any woman not said here		photography	century	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent before photography=Destination
3	absent			any woman			nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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