Test 9 · ★★★ · Olympiad: picture puzzles, colours, dates and myths ★★★ Tom from Glasgow says it's dreich ("dreich" means grey and gloomy) and paints the sky pure grey. His friend says, "Shadows and greys can have colour in them." Who is right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, it, dreich, friend, Shadows · What happens: say, be, mean, paint, have · To what, where: dreich, grey, sky, colour · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 42 «Olympiad: picture puzzles, colours, dates and myths ★★★» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Tom from Glasgow says it's dreich ("dreich" means grey and gloomy) and paints the sky pure grey.
nsubj case nmod nsubj cop ccomp punct punct nsubj punct parataxis obj cc conj punct cc conj det obj amod obj punct root Tom PROPN from ADP Glasgow PROPN says VERB it PRON 's AUX dreich NOUN ( PUNCT " PUNCT dreich NOUN " PUNCT means VERB grey ADJ and CCONJ gloomy ADJ ) PUNCT and CCONJ paints VERB the DET sky NOUN pure ADJ grey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 Glasgow case 3 Glasgow Glasgow PROPN Number=Sing 1 Tom nmod 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 dreich nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dreich cop 7 dreich dreich NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 8 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 means punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 dreich punct 10 dreich dreich NOUN Number=Sing 12 means nsubj 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 dreich punct 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 says parataxis 13 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 12 means obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 gloomy cc 15 gloomy gloomy ADJ Degree=Pos 13 grey conj 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 means punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 paints cc 18 paints paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 says conj 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 sky det 20 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 18 paints obj 21 pure pure ADJ Degree=Pos 22 grey amod 22 grey grey NOUN Number=Sing 18 paints obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Tom from Glasgow vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present it dreich tree rules 3 mean present dreich grey vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grey=Topic 4 paint present Tom from Glasgow not said here the sky vn coloring-24 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent sky=Patient grey=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His friend says, "Shadows and greys can have colour in them."
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct nsubj cc conj aux ccomp obj case obl punct punct root His PRON friend NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Shadows NOUN and CCONJ greys NOUN can AUX have VERB colour NOUN in ADP them PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 have punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 10 have punct 6 Shadows shadow NOUN Number=Plur 10 have nsubj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 greys cc 8 greys grey NOUN Number=Plur 6 Shadows conj 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 have aux 10 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 says ccomp 11 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 12 in in ADP _ 13 them case 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 have obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present dreich's friend vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote can Shadows and greys colour in them = they vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
Sentence 3: Who is right?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Tom: grey skies have no colour in them at all
nsubj punct amod nsubj det obj case obl case obl root Tom PROPN : PUNCT grey ADJ skies NOUN have VERB no DET colour NOUN in ADP them PRON at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 have nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 have punct 3 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 4 skies amod 4 skies sky NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 colour det 7 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 8 in in ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 have obl 10 at at ADP _ 11 all case 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 have obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Tom no colour all in skies = sky vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer The friend: greys and shadows often hold blues and purples
det nsubj punct nsubj cc conj advmod obj cc conj root The DET friend NOUN : PUNCT greys NOUN and CCONJ shadows NOUN often ADV hold VERB blues NOUN and CCONJ purples NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 8 hold nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 4 greys punct 4 greys grey NOUN Number=Plur 8 hold nsubj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 shadows cc 6 shadows shadow NOUN Number=Plur 4 greys conj 7 often often ADV _ 8 hold advmod 8 hold hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 blues blue NOUN Number=Plur 8 hold obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 purples cc 11 purples purple NOUN Number=Plur 9 blues conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the friend blues and purples often property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blue=Theme
Option 3 Tom: real painters only use black and white for weather
punct amod nsubj advmod conj xcomp cc conj case obl root Tom PROPN : PUNCT real ADJ painters NOUN only ADV use VERB black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ for ADP weather NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 6 use punct 3 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 4 painters amod 4 painters painter NOUN Number=Plur 6 use nsubj 5 only only ADV _ 6 use advmod 6 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Tom conj 7 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 6 use xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 white cc 9 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 black conj 10 for for ADP _ 11 weather case 11 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 7 black obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present real painters black property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 4 The friend: any colour at all, like bright pink, looks right
det nsubj punct det appos case nmod punct case amod conj punct xcomp root The DET friend NOUN : PUNCT any DET colour NOUN at ADP all DET , PUNCT like ADP bright ADJ pink ADJ , PUNCT looks VERB right ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 13 looks nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 colour punct 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 colour det 5 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 2 friend appos 6 at at ADP _ 7 all case 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 colour nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 pink punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 pink case 10 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 11 pink amod 11 pink pink ADJ Degree=Pos 5 colour conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 2 friend punct 13 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 13 looks xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present the friend right property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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