Exam question 1 · What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a habitat?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: habitat

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 habitat	det
10	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a habitat				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Exclusively the nest or burrow in which an animal sleeps

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 nest	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 nest	det
3	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 burrow	cc
5	burrow	burrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nest	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 sleeps	obl
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 animal	det
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sleeps	nsubj
10	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nest	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	a animal			the nest or burrow			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location

Option 2

Any region remote from human settlement, irrespective of whether an organism may obtain its requirements there

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 remote	det
2	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remote	compound
3	remote	remote	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 obtain	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 settlement	case
5	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 settlement	amod
6	settlement	settlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remote	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 obtain	punct
8	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	14 obtain	advmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	8 irrespective	fixed
10	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	14 obtain	mark
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 organism	det
12	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 obtain	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 obtain	aux
14	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 requirements	nmod:poss
16	requirements	requirement	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 obtain	obj
17	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	14 obtain	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obtain	may	any region remote from human settlement	organism's requirements		there		irrespective property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset requirement=Theme
2	require		organism						nom requirement «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

An enclosure in which animals are exhibited to the public

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 enclosure	det
2	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 exhibited	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 animals	case
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 animals	det
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enclosure	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 exhibited	aux:pass
7	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 public	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 public	det
10	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 exhibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exhibit	present · passive		a enclosure in which animals	the public				vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to public=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The place in which an organism obtains the water or air, food, shelter and conditions for rearing young that it requires

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 place	det
2	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 requires	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 obtains	obl
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 organism	det
6	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 obtains	nsubj
7	obtains	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 place	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 water	det
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 obtains	obj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 air	cc
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 water	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 food	punct
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 water	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 shelter	punct
15	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 water	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 conditions	cc
17	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 water	conj
18	for	for	SCONJ	_	19 rearing	mark
19	rearing	rear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 obtains	advcl
20	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 rearing	xcomp
21	that	that	ADP	_	22 it	case
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 young	obl
23	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	obtain	present	a organism	the water or air and food and shelter and conditions	the place		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset water=Theme
2	rear	gerund	a organism not said here			young property	vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	require	present	the place				vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/e1/