Exam question 2 · What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in

Identify the principal reason for which woodlice are confined to damp and shaded situations.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, confine, shade · To what, where: principal reason, woodlice, damp, situations

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «What a habitat is: home, food, shelter and fitting in» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 confined	obl
7	woodlice	woodlice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 confined	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 confined	aux:pass
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 damp	case
11	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 confined	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 shaded	cc
13	shaded	shade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 confined	conj
14	situations	situation	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shaded	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	confine	present · passive		woodlice	damp	for the principal reason	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to damp=Destination
3	shade	participle		situations			vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Their respiratory structures must remain moist, and exposure to dry air may prove fatal within hours

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 structures	nmod:poss
2	respiratory	respiratory	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 structures	compound
3	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 remain	nsubj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 remain	aux
5	remain	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 remain	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 prove	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 prove	cc
9	exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prove	nsubj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 dry	mark
11	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 exposure	acl
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dry	obj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 prove	aux
14	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 remain	conj
15	fatal	fatal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 prove	xcomp
16	within	within	ADP	_	17 hours	case
17	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 prove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	remain	must	Their respiratory structures			moist property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	dry	to-infinitive	exposure not said here	air			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient air=Result
3	prove	may	exposure		hour	fatal property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They are incapable of locomotion in daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 locomotion	case
5	locomotion	locomotion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incapable	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 daylight	case
7	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 locomotion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of locomotion in daylight; incapable property	tree rules

Option 3

They subsist exclusively upon stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsist	nsubj
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 subsist	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 stones	case
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 subsist	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	They					upon stones; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are unable to perceive light of any description and therefore remain wherever they first find themselves

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 unable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	cop
3	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 perceive	mark
5	perceive	perceive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unable	xcomp
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 perceive	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 description	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 description	det
9	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 light	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 remain	cc
11	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	12 remain	advmod
12	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	conj
13	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	16 find	advmod
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 find	nsubj
15	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	16 find	advmod
16	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	advcl
17	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	16 find	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	They		unable property	tree rules
2	perceive	to-infinitive	They not said here	light of any description		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus
3	remain	present	They not said here		therefore property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	find	present	they	themselves = they	first, wherever property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic
5	light			any description		nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/1-what-a-habitat-is/e2/