Exam question 2 · The polar zone: polar bears

Identify the principal consequence for the polar bear of the earlier melting and later freezing of Arctic sea ice.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Arctic sea ice · What happens: identify, freeze · To what, where: principal consequence

This is exam question 2 of lesson 105 «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consequence	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 consequence	amod
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 bear	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bear	det
7	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bear	amod
8	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 melting	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 melting	det
11	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 melting	amod
12	melting	melting	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bear	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 freezing	cc
14	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 freezing	advmod
15	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 melting	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 ice	case
17	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 ice	amod
18	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 ice	compound
19	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 freezing	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal consequence				for the polar bear of the earlier melting and freezing of Arctic sea ice	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme
2	freeze		Arctic sea ice						nom freezing «process intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No consequence, the species feeding chiefly upon vegetation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 consequence	det
2	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 species	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 species	det
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consequence	nmod
6	feeding	feed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 species	acl
7	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	6 feeding	advmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 vegetation	case
9	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feeding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	gerund	the species not said here					upon vegetation; chiefly property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

A migration of the species to the Antarctic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 migration	det
2	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 species	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 species	det
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 migration	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 Antarctic	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Antarctic	det
8	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 species	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate		the species to the Antarctic						nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A shorter period in which to hunt seals and longer intervals without food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 period	det
2	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 period	amod
3	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 hunt	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 hunt	mark
7	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 period	acl:relcl
8	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hunt	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 intervals	cc
10	longer	long	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 intervals	amod
11	intervals	interval	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 seals	conj
12	without	without	ADP	_	13 food	case
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hunt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	to-infinitive		seals and longer intervals		a shorter period		without food	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent seal=Theme in which=Location

Option 4

An abundance of seals in open water, rendering hunting easier than before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 abundance	det
2	abundance	abundance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 seals	case
4	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 abundance	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seals	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 rendering	punct
9	rendering	render	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 abundance	conj
10	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 rendering	xcomp
11	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 hunting	xcomp
12	than	than	ADP	_	13 before	case
13	before	before	ADV	_	11 easier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	gerund							tree rules
2	hunt	gerund						easy property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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