Exam question 3 · How close are apes to us?

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the fossil hereinafter referred to as Lucy?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, refer · To what, where: fossil hereinafter

This is exam question 3 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hereinafter	det
10	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hereinafter	compound
11	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	referred	refer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 hereinafter	acl
13	to	to	ADP	_	12 referred	obl
14	as	as	ADP	_	15 Lucy	case
15	Lucy	Lucy	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 referred	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the fossil hereinafter	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	refer	participle	the fossil hereinafter not said here	as Lucy	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The skeleton of a modern chimpanzee recovered from a zoological garden

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skeleton	det
2	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 recovered	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 chimpanzee	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 chimpanzee	det
5	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 chimpanzee	amod
6	chimpanzee	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 skeleton	nmod
7	recovered	recover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 garden	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 garden	det
10	zoological	zoological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 garden	amod
11	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 recovered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recover	past	the skeleton of a modern chimpanzee			a zoological garden			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from garden=Source

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

An early human relative of some 3.2 million years ago that walked upright

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 relative	det
2	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 relative	amod
3	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 relative	amod
4	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 years	det
7	3.2	3.2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac	8 million	compound
8	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 relative	nmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	9 years	advmod
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 walked	nsubj
12	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 relative	acl:relcl
13	upright	upright	ADV	_	12 walked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	past	a early human relative of some million years					upright property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The remains of a dinosaur contemporaneous with early humans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 remains	det
2	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	6 contemporaneous	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 dinosaur	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dinosaur	det
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 remains	nmod
6	contemporaneous	contemporaneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 humans	case
8	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 humans	amod
9	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 contemporaneous	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

A fossil gorilla incapable of upright locomotion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 incapable	det
2	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gorilla	compound
3	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	compound
4	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 locomotion	case
6	upright	upright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 locomotion	amod
7	locomotion	locomotion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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