Exam question 4 · Ducks, geese and farm myths

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the ostrich and the concealment of its head.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, conceal · To what, where: response, ostrich, head

This is exam question 4 of lesson 213 «Ducks, geese and farm myths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ostrich	det
11	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 concealment	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 concealment	det
14	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ostrich	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 head	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 head	nmod:poss
17	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 concealment	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the ostrich and the concealment of concealment's head		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ostrich=Experiencer
4	conceal			concealment's head		nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Ostriches sleep with their heads beneath the sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 heads	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 heads	nmod:poss
5	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	8 sand	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sand	det
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Ostriches					with Ostriches's heads; beneath the sand	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Ostriches bury their heads whenever danger approaches, remaining so until the danger has departed

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bury	nsubj
2	bury	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 heads	nmod:poss
4	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bury	obj
5	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	7 approaches	advmod
6	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 approaches	compound
7	approaches	approach	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bury	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 remaining	punct
9	remaining	remain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 bury	advcl
10	so	so	ADV	_	9 remaining	advmod
11	until	until	SCONJ	_	15 departed	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 danger	det
13	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 departed	nsubj:pass
14	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 departed	aux
15	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 remaining	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	bury	present	Ostriches	Ostriches's heads	danger approaches obl	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme
2	remain	gerund	Ostriches not said here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	depart	present · perfect · passive		the danger		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location

Option 3

Ostriches consume sand as their principal food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	7 food	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
6	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	Ostriches	sand				as Ostriches's principal food	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Asset

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ostriches do not bury their heads, but lie flat to hide and attend to eggs in a ground nest

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bury	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bury	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 bury	advmod
4	bury	bury	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 heads	nmod:poss
6	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bury	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 lie	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 lie	cc
9	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 bury	conj
10	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lie	xcomp
11	to	to	PART	_	12 hide	mark
12	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 lie	advcl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 attend	cc
14	attend	attend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 bury	conj
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 eggs	case
16	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 attend	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 nest	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 nest	det
19	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 nest	compound
20	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 attend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not bury	present · do-support	Ostriches	Ostriches's heads			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme
2	lie	infinitive	Ostriches not said here			flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hide	to-infinitive	Ostriches not said here				vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	attend	infinitive	Ostriches not said here		a ground nest	to eggs	vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to egg=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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