Test 4 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

«the detector's crackling like popcorn, then it goes brrrrr» What just happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crackling · What happens: go, happen · To what, where: brrrrr · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 crackling	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 detector	det
3	detector	detector	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crackling	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 detector	case
5	crackling	crackling	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 goes	nsubj
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 popcorn	case
7	popcorn	popcorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crackling	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 crackling	punct
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 goes	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 goes	nsubj
11	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	brrrrr	brrrrr	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 goes	obj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 goes	punct
14	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 happened	nsubj
15	just	just	ADV	_	16 happened	advmod
16	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 goes	parataxis
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 goes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go in a quote	present	the detector's crackling like popcorn	brrrrr			then		tree rules
2	happen	past							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A moth sang a song

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 moth	det
2	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sang	nsubj
3	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 song	det
5	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sang	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	past	a moth	a song					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme

Option 2

A bat fell asleep in the middle of the air and dropped to the ground

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	nsubj
3	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fell	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 middle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 middle	det
7	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 air	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 middle	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dropped	cc
12	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fell	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 ground	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ground	det
15	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dropped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	a bat			the middle of the air		asleep property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in middle=Location
2	drop	past	a bat not said here			the ground			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to ground=Trajectory

Option 3

The detector is broken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 detector	det
2	detector	detector	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 broken	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 broken	aux:pass
4	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present · passive		the detector					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A bat called faster and faster and probably caught an insect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 caught	nsubj
3	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bat	acl
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 called	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 faster	cc
6	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 faster	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 caught	cc
8	probably	probably	ADV	_	9 caught	advmod
9	caught	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 insect	det
11	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 caught	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	participle		a bat not said here				fast property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	catch	past	a bat	a insect				probably property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/t4/