Test 5 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound
At a zoo dark house, children walk with eyes shut and bump into the walls, while the bats fly freely. Why?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: children, bats · What happens: walk, bump, fly · To what, where: dark house, walls
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: At a zoo dark house, children walk with eyes shut and bump into the walls, while the bats fly freely.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 5 house | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 house | det |
| 3 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dark | compound |
| 4 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 house | amod |
| 5 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 walk | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 house | punct |
| 7 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 walk | nsubj |
| 8 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 eyes | case |
| 10 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 walk | obl |
| 11 | shut | shut | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 walk | xcomp |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 bump | cc |
| 13 | bump | bump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 walk | conj |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 walls | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 walls | det |
| 16 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 bump | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 fly | punct |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 21 fly | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bats | det |
| 20 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fly | nsubj |
| 21 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 walk | conj |
| 22 | freely | freely | ADV | _ | 21 fly | advmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 walk | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | present | children | a dark house | with eyes; shut property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at house=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | bump | present | children not said here | the walls | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into wall=Location | ||||
| 3 | fly | present | the bats | freely property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Bats can see straight through walls with special eyes
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 see | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 see | aux |
| 3 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 3 see | advmod |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 walls | case |
| 6 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 see | obl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 eyes | case |
| 8 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 eyes | amod |
| 9 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 see | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | can | Bats | walls | with special eyes; straight property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
Option 2
Bats have much bigger eyes than children do
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 bigger | advmod |
| 4 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 eyes | amod |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 do | nsubj |
| 6 | than | than | ADP | _ | 7 children | case |
| 7 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 eyes | nmod |
| 8 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Bats | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | do | present | bigger eyes than children | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
The children's ears are blocked
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 children | det |
| 2 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ears | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 children | case |
| 4 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 blocked | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 blocked | aux:pass |
| 6 | blocked | block | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | block | present · passive | the children's ears | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Bats' brains turn echoes into a picture of the world
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 brains | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 1 Bats | case |
| 3 | brains | brain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 turn | nsubj |
| 4 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 turn | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 picture | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 picture | det |
| 8 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turn | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 world | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 world | det |
| 11 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 picture | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | Bats's brains | echoes | a picture of the world | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent echo=Theme into picture=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/t5/