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Test 7 · ★★ · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

A kea pulls the rubber strip off a parked car in the mountains. Why do keas test everything?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kea, keas · What happens: pull, park, test · To what, where: rubber strip, mountains, everything

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A kea pulls the rubber strip off a parked car in the mountains.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kea	det
2	kea	kea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 strip	det
5	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 strip	compound
6	strip	strip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	obj
7	off	off	ADP	_	10 car	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 car	det
9	parked	park	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 car	amod
10	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 mountains	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 mountains	det
13	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pulls	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pulls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	a kea	the rubber strip		the mountains		off a parked car	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent strip=Theme off car=Initial_Location
2	park	participle							vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do keas test everything?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 test	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 test	aux
3	keas	kea	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 test	nsubj
4	test	test	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 test	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 test	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	test	present · do-support	keas	everything					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are scared of cars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 scared	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scared	cop
3	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 cars	case
5	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 scared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of cars; scared property	tree rules

Option 2

They are trying to fix the car

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trying	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trying	aux
3	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 fix	mark
5	fix	fix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 trying	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 car	det
7	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fix	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try	present · progressive	They						vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	fix not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	the car					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent car=Patient

Option 3

They eat rubber as their main food, because there is nothing else up there

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eat	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	7 food	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 food	nmod:poss
6	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 food	amod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eat	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 is	punct
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 is	mark
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	11 is	expl
11	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 eat	conj
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	11 is	nsubj
13	else	else	ADV	_	12 nothing	advmod
14	up	up	ADV	_	15 there	advmod
15	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 is	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	They	rubber				as their main food	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubber=Patient
2	be	present	nothing			there; there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

In the high mountains food is scarce, so exploring pays off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	5 food	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 food	det
3	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 mountains	amod
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 food	compound
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 scarce	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 scarce	cop
7	scarce	scarce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 pays	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 pays	advmod
10	exploring	explore	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 pays	nsubj
11	pays	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 scarce	conj
12	off	off	ADP	_	11 pays	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the mountains food					scarce property	tree rules
2	explore	gerund							vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent
3	pay off	present							vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/t7/