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Test 8 · ★★ · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

A magpie with a sticker on its neck looks in a mirror and pecks at its own neck. What might this show?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: magpie · What happens: look, peck

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A magpie with a sticker on its neck looks in a mirror and pecks at its own neck.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 magpie	det
2	magpie	magpie	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 looks	nsubj
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 sticker	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sticker	det
5	sticker	sticker	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 magpie	nmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 neck	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 neck	nmod:poss
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sticker	nmod
9	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 mirror	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 mirror	det
12	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 looks	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 pecks	cc
14	pecks	peck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 looks	conj
15	at	at	ADP	_	18 neck	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 neck	nmod:poss
17	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 neck	amod
18	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pecks	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	a magpie with a sticker on magpie's neck					in a mirror	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in mirror=Theme
2	peck	present	a magpie with a sticker on magpie's neck not said here					at magpie's own neck	vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at neck=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What might this show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	1 What	aux
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	det
4	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

It is cleaning the glass with its beak

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cleaning	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cleaning	aux
3	cleaning	clean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 glass	det
5	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaning	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 beak	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 beak	nmod:poss
8	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	present · progressive	It	the glass				with glass's beak	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent glass=Patient with beak=Instrument

Option 2

It wants to eat the shiny mirror glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wants	nsubj
2	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 eat	mark
4	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wants	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 glass	det
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 glass	amod
7	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 glass	compound
8	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	It						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive		the shiny mirror glass					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It may know the reflection is itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 know	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 know	aux
3	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reflection	det
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 know	obj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 itself	cop
7	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	5 reflection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	may	It	the reflection					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer reflection=Stimulus
2	is a	present		reflection					tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It thinks another magpie stole its sticker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thinks	nsubj
2	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	4 magpie	det
4	magpie	magpie	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stole	nsubj
5	stole	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thinks	ccomp
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 sticker	nmod:poss
7	sticker	sticker	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stole	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	It						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	steal	past	another magpie	magpie's sticker					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sticker=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/t8/