Test 9 · ★★ · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

«a raven slid down the roof like 6 times, is it broke or what» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: raven, best answer · What happens: slide, be · To what, where: raven, roof

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 broke	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 raven	det
3	raven	raven	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 broke	nsubj
4	slid	slide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 raven	acl
5	down	down	ADP	_	7 roof	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 roof	det
7	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 slid	obl
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 times	case
9	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 times	nummod
10	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 slid	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 raven	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 broke	cop
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 broke	nsubj
14	broke	broke	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 what	cc
16	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 broke	obl
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 what	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 what	conj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 What	cop
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 answer	det
21	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	22 answer	amod
22	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 What	nsubj
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 broke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide in a quote	participle		a raven not said here	the roof	time		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down roof=Trajectory
2	is in a quote	present	a raven				broke property	tree rules
3	is a	present	the best answer					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is ill and cannot fly, so it slides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 ill	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 ill	cop
3	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 fly	cc
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 fly	advmod
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 ill	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 slides	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 slides	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 slides	nsubj
11	slides	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 ill	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	ill property	tree rules
2	not fly	can			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	slide	present	it		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is falling asleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 falling	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 falling	aux
3	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 falling	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present · progressive	It					asleep property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is trying to melt the snow with its warm feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 trying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trying	aux
3	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 melt	mark
5	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 trying	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 snow	det
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 melt	obj
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 feathers	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 feathers	nmod:poss
10	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 feathers	amod
11	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 melt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try	present · progressive	It						vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	melt not said to happen	to-infinitive		the snow				with snow's warm feathers	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent snow=Patient with feather=Instrument

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is probably playing, as ravens are known to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 playing	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 playing	aux
3	probably	probably	ADV	_	4 playing	advmod
4	playing	play	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 known	punct
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 known	mark
7	ravens	raven	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 known	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 known	aux:pass
9	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 playing	parataxis
10	to	to	PART	_	9 known	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	present · progressive	It					probably property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	know	present · passive		ravens					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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