Exam question 1 · The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad

Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not prescribed for the common cold.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, not prescribe · To what, where: principal reason, antibiotics

This is exam question 1 of lesson 257 «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 prescribed	obl
7	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 prescribed	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 prescribed	aux:pass
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 prescribed	advmod
10	prescribed	prescribe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	14 cold	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cold	det
13	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cold	amod
14	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 prescribed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not prescribe	present · passive		antibiotics				for the principal reason; for the common cold	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Antibiotics are effective only during the summer months

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effective	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 effective	cop
3	effective	effective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 months	advmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	8 months	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 months	det
7	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 months	compound
8	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effective	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Antibiotics				month	effective property	tree rules

Option 2

The common cold is caused by an excess of bacteria in the gut, which antibiotics remove

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 excess	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 excess	det
8	excess	excess	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 bacteria	case
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 excess	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 gut	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 gut	det
13	gut	gut	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bacteria	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 remove	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 remove	obj
16	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 remove	nsubj
17	remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 excess	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	a excess of bacteria in the gut	the common cold					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	remove	present	antibiotics	a excess of bacteria in the gut					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme

Option 3

Antibiotics render the patient permanently susceptible to colds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 render	nsubj
2	render	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 patient	det
4	patient	patient	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 render	obj
5	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	6 susceptible	advmod
6	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 patient	amod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 colds	case
8	colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 susceptible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present	Antibiotics	the patient					vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patient=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The common cold is caused by viruses, against which antibiotics are without effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 viruses	case
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 effect	punct
9	against	against	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 effect	obl
11	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 effect	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 effect	cop
13	without	without	ADP	_	14 effect	case
14	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 viruses	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses and effect	the common cold					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	is	present	antibiotics					without effect; against viruses and effect	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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