Test 11 · The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad

Why is a squid's glowing belly like camouflage?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: glow, be · To what, where: glowing belly

This is test 11 of lesson 257 «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 belly	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 belly	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 squid	det
4	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 belly	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 squid	case
6	glowing	glow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 belly	amod
7	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 camouflage	case
9	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 belly	nmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 belly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	gerund							vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present		a squid's glowing belly				like camouflage	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It shows the squid's friends where it is

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 squid	det
4	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 friends	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 squid	case
6	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 shows	obj
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	6 friends	acl:relcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 where	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 where	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It		the squid's friends				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient
2	is	present	squid	the squid's friends not said here				where property	tree rules

Option 2

It makes the squid look just like a fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 squid	det
4	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 look	nsubj
5	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	xcomp
6	just	just	ADV	_	9 fish	advmod
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 fish	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fish	det
9	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It						tree rules
2	look	present	the squid					like a fish	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It hides the squid's dark shadow against the moonlit water above

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hides	nsubj
2	hides	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 squid	det
4	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shadow	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 squid	case
6	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 shadow	amod
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hides	obj
8	against	against	ADP	_	11 water	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 water	det
10	moonlit	moonlit	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 water	amod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hides	obl
12	above	above	ADV	_	2 hides	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	present	It	the squid's dark shadow		the moonlit water		above property	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shadow=Patient against water=Location
2	shadow		the squid						nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It blinds the hunter for ever with one very bright flash of white light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 blinds	nsubj
2	blinds	blind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 hunter	det
4	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blinds	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 ever	case
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	2 blinds	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 flash	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 flash	nummod
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 bright	advmod
10	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 flash	amod
11	flash	flash	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 blinds	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 light	case
13	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 light	amod
14	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 flash	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blind	present	It	the hunter				with one bright flash of white light	tree rules
2	flash		white light						nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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