Test 10 · The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad

Do we owe the air we breathe partly to bacteria?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: we · What happens: owe, breathe · To what, where: air, bacteria

This is test 10 of lesson 257 «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 owe	aux
2	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 owe	nsubj
3	owe	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 owe	obj
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 breathe	nsubj
7	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 air	acl:relcl
8	partly	partly	ADV	_	10 bacteria	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 bacteria	case
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 breathe	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 owe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	present · do-support	we	the air					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	breathe	present	we	bacteria					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, oxygen was always in the air, right from the very start of the Earth

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 air	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 air	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 air	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 air	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 air	det
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 start	punct
10	right	right	ADV	_	14 start	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 start	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 start	det
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 start	advmod
14	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 air	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 Earth	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Earth	det
17	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 start	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	oxygen			the air and the start of the Earth		always property	tree rules
2	start			the Earth					nom start «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

No, volcanoes made all of it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 volcanoes	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj
4	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 made	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 all	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	volcanoes	all					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset all=Product

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Yes, cyanobacteria made the first oxygen billions of years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 made	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	cyanobacteria	cyanobacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj
4	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 billions	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 billions	amod
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 billions	compound
8	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 years	case
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 billions	nmod
11	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 made	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	cyanobacteria	the first oxygen billions of years				ago property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset billion=Product

Option 4

Yes, but only the bacteria in our gut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 bacteria	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 bacteria	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 bacteria	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bacteria	det
6	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 gut	case
8	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 gut	nmod:poss
9	gut	gut	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bacteria	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/t10/