Exam question 2 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the number of bones in the human body.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, number

This is exam question 2 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 number	det
11	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 bones	case
13	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 number	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 body	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 body	det
16	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 body	amod
17	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bones	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the number of bones in the human body		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus number=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

An infant possesses no bones until the age of one year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 infant	det
2	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 bones	det
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	until	until	ADP	_	8 age	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 age	det
8	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 year	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 year	nummod
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	a infant	no bones			until the age of one year		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

An adult possesses approximately three hundred bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 adult	det
2	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	6 hundred	advmod
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 hundred	compound
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 bones	nummod
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	a adult	hundred bones					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An infant possesses approximately three hundred bones, many of which fuse, so that an adult possesses two hundred and six

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 infant	det
2	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	6 hundred	advmod
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 hundred	compound
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 bones	nummod
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fuse	punct
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fuse	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 which	case
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 many	nmod
12	fuse	fuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bones	acl:relcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 possesses	punct
14	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	18 possesses	mark
15	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 so	fixed
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 adult	det
17	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 possesses	nsubj
18	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	conj
19	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 hundred	compound
20	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 possesses	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 six	cc
22	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 hundred	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	possess	present	a infant	hundred bones	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bone=Theme
2	fuse	present	many		vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	possess	present	a adult	two hundred	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hundred=Theme

Option 4

An infant and an adult possess an identical number of bones, the bones merely increasing in size as the body grows

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 infant	det
2	infant	infant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 grows	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 possess	cc
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 adult	det
5	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 possess	nsubj
6	possess	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 infant	conj
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 number	det
8	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 number	amod
9	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 possess	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 bones	case
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 number	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 bones	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bones	det
14	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 bones	nmod
15	merely	merely	ADV	_	16 increasing	advmod
16	increasing	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 bones	acl
17	in	in	ADV	_	18 size	advmod
18	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 increasing	obj
19	as	as	ADP	_	21 body	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 body	det
21	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 increasing	obl
22	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	possess	infinitive	a adult	a identical number of bones the bones		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot number=Theme
2	increase	gerund	the bones not said here	size	as the body; merely property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer size=Patient
3	grow	present	a infant			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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