Exam question 3 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the so-called «funny bone»?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, call · To what, where: funny bone · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 called	det
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 called	advmod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 so	punct
12	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	parataxis
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	15 bone	punct
14	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bone	amod
15	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 called	xcomp
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 bone	punct
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	call	participle	funny bone		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It is a nerve situated close to the skin near the elbow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 nerve	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 nerve	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 nerve	det
4	nerve	nerve	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 nerve	acl
6	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 situated	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 skin	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 skin	det
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 situated	obl
10	near	near	ADP	_	12 elbow	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 elbow	det
12	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skin	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a nerve					tree rules
2	situate	participle		a nerve not said here				to the skin near the elbow; close property	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is the smallest bone within the ear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 bone	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bone	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bone	det
4	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 bone	amod
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 ear	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ear	det
8	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bone	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the smallest bone				within the ear	tree rules

Option 3

It is a muscle of the upper arm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 muscle	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 muscle	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 muscle	det
4	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 arm	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 arm	det
7	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 arm	amod
8	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 muscle	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a muscle				of the upper arm	tree rules

Option 4

It is the bone of the upper arm termed the humerus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bone	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bone	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bone	det
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 termed	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 arm	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 arm	det
7	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 arm	amod
8	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bone	nmod
9	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 humerus	det
11	humerus	humerus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 termed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the bone				of the upper arm	tree rules
2	term	past	the bone	the humerus					vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humerus=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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