Exam question 4 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

Ascertain the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, cause · To what, where: cause, slight difference

This is exam question 4 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cause	det
3	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 difference	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 difference	det
6	slight	slight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 difference	amod
7	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cause	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 height	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 person	det
10	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 height	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 person	case
12	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 difference	nmod
13	between	between	ADP	_	14 morning	case
14	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 height	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 evening	cc
16	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 height	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Topic
2	cause			the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening					nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The compression during the day of the discs between the bones of the spine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 compression	det
2	compression	compression	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	during	during	ADP	_	5 day	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 day	det
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 compression	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 discs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 discs	det
8	discs	disc	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 day	nmod
9	between	between	ADP	_	11 bones	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bones	det
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 discs	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 spine	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 spine	det
14	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bones	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The drying of the skin over the course of the day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 drying	det
2	drying	drying	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 skin	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 skin	det
5	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drying	nmod
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 course	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 course	det
8	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 skin	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 day	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 day	det
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 course	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

The shrinking of the skull in the evening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shrinking	det
2	shrinking	shrinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 skull	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 skull	det
5	skull	skull	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shrinking	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 evening	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evening	det
8	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shrinking	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink			the skull			in the evening		nom shrinking «event transitive»: of=patient in=obl

Option 4

The growth of the legs during sleep, which is then reversed during the hours of the day

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 growth	det
2	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 reversed	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 legs	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 legs	det
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 growth	nmod
6	during	during	ADP	_	7 sleep	case
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 legs	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 reversed	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 reversed	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 reversed	aux:pass
11	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	12 reversed	advmod
12	reversed	reverse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	during	during	ADP	_	15 hours	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hours	det
15	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 reversed	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 day	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 day	det
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	present · passive		the growth of the legs during sleep			then; hour		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	grow		the legs during sleep						nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/e4/