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Test 1 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion. How do real scientists find out how animals behave?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: animals, real scientists · What happens: talk, wear, find out, behave · To what, where: cartoon, clothes

This is test 1 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 talk	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 talk	nsubj
6	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 wear	cc
8	wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 talk	conj
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	8 wear	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Tom	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	12 Tom	case
12	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 clothes	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 Jerry	cc
14	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Tom	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 lion	cc
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 lion	det
17	talking	talking	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lion	compound
18	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Tom	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 talk	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	present	animals			a cartoon			vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	wear	present	animals not said here	clothes				like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How do real scientists find out how animals behave?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 find	aux
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 scientists	amod
4	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 find	nsubj
5	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 find	compound:prt
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 behave	advmod
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 behave	nsubj
9	behave	behave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 find	advcl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 find	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find out	present · do-support	real scientists						vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
2	behave	present	animals						vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

By asking the animals questions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 asking	mark
2	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 animals	det
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 questions	compound
5	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 asking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	gerund		animals questions					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient

Option 2

By dressing up as animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 dressing	mark
2	dressing	dress	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 dressing	compound:prt
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 animals	case
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dressing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dress up	gerund						as animals	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By watching and recording quietly, often for a very long time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 watching	mark
2	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 recording	cc
4	recording	record	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 watching	conj
5	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	4 recording	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 often	punct
7	often	often	ADV	_	2 watching	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	12 time	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 time	det
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 long	advmod
11	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 time	amod
12	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 watching	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch	gerund					time	often property	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
2	record	gerund						quietly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

By reading cartoon scripts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 reading	mark
2	reading	read	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scripts	compound
4	scripts	script	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reading	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	gerund		cartoon scripts					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent script=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/t1/