Test 10 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

Why would living with no gravity weaken an astronaut's bones?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: live, weaken · To what, where: bones

This is test 10 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 living	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 living	aux
3	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 gravity	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 gravity	det
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 living	obl
7	weaken	weaken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 living	xcomp
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 astronaut	det
9	astronaut	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bones	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 astronaut	case
11	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 weaken	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 living	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	would						with no gravity	tree rules
2	weaken	infinitive		a astronaut's bones					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Bones float away from the muscles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	nsubj
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	away	away	ADV	_	2 float	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 muscles	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 muscles	det
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float away	present	Bones			the muscles		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from muscle=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bones get weaker when they do not carry weight, unless astronauts exercise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 get	nsubj
2	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 get	xcomp
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 carry	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 carry	nsubj
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 carry	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 carry	advmod
8	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 get	advcl
9	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 carry	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 exercise	punct
11	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	13 exercise	case
12	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 exercise	compound
13	exercise	exercise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 get	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	Bones					weak property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	not carry	present · do-support	Bones = bone	weight					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

Option 3

Space air dissolves bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 air	compound
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dissolves	nsubj
3	dissolves	dissolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dissolves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present	Space air	bones					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 4

Astronauts drink no milk at all, so their bones go soft and bendy in a few days

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drink	nsubj
2	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 milk	det
4	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drink	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 drink	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 go	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 go	advmod
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 bones	nmod:poss
10	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 go	nsubj
11	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 drink	conj
12	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 go	xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 bendy	cc
14	bendy	bendy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 soft	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 days	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 days	det
17	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 days	amod
18	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	Astronauts	no milk		all			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient
2	go	present	Astronauts's bones				day	soft property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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