Test 4 · ★★★ · Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and miss…

«it's just a theory, so it's basically a guess» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: it, theory, guess · What happens: be · To what, where: theory, guess

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 280 «Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and missing links» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 theory	punct
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 theory	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 theory	cop
4	just	just	ADV	_	6 theory	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 theory	det
6	theory	theory	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 guess	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	13 guess	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 guess	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 guess	cop
11	basically	basically	ADV	_	13 guess	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 guess	det
13	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 theory	parataxis
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 guess	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 right	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 right	cop
17	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 guess	acl:relcl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 theory	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	it	a theory		tree rules
2	is a in a quote	present	theory	a guess	basically property	tree rules
3	is	present	a guess		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, in science a theory is an explanation backed by a mountain of evidence

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	9 explanation	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 science	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 science	case
4	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 explanation	nsubj
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 theory	det
6	theory	theory	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 explanation	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 explanation	cop
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 explanation	det
9	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	backed	back	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 explanation	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 mountain	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 mountain	det
13	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 backed	obl:agent
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 evidence	case
15	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mountain	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	science	a explanation					tree rules
2	back	participle		a explanation not said here					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

No, a theory is a law of the government

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 law	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 theory	det
4	theory	theory	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 law	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 law	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 law	det
7	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 government	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 government	det
10	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 law	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a theory	a law				of the government	tree rules

Option 3

Yes, like gravity is just a guess

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 guess	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 guess	punct
3	like	like	ADP	_	8 guess	case
4	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 guess	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 guess	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 guess	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 guess	det
8	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	gravity					like a guess	tree rules

Option 4

Yes, a theory is just a guess in science too, until it is proved and becomes a fact

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 guess	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 theory	det
4	theory	theory	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 guess	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 guess	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 guess	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 guess	det
8	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 science	case
10	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 guess	nmod
11	too	too	ADV	_	10 science	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 proved	punct
13	until	until	SCONJ	_	16 proved	mark
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 proved	nsubj:pass
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 proved	aux:pass
16	proved	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 guess	parataxis
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 becomes	cc
18	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 proved	conj
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 fact	det
20	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	a theory	a guess	science	tree rules
2	prove	present · passive		theory		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	become	present		a fact		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/280-evolution-myths-put-right-monkeys-the-strongest-and-missing-links/t4/