Exam question 1 · The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the illumination of the rainforest floor?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, illuminate · To what, where: illumination, rainforest floor

This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 illumination	det
10	illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 floor	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 floor	det
13	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 floor	compound
14	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 illumination	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the illumination of the rainforest floor	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	illuminate		the rainforest floor		nom illumination «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Approximately one half of incident sunlight reaches the floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 half	nummod
3	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	7 reaches	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 sunlight	case
5	incident	incident	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sunlight	compound
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 half	nmod
7	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 floor	det
9	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	present	one half of incident sunlight	the floor					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent floor=Theme

Option 2

No sunlight whatsoever reaches the floor at any location

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 sunlight	det
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 reaches	nsubj
4	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sunlight	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 floor	det
6	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reaches	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 location	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 location	det
9	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reaches	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	present	whatsoever	the floor		any location			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent floor=Theme at location=Asset

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Approximately two per cent of incident sunlight penetrates to the floor of a dense rainforest

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	8 penetrates	advmod
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 cent	nummod
3	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cent	compound
4	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 penetrates	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sunlight	case
6	incident	incident	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sunlight	compound
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cent	nmod
8	penetrates	penetrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 floor	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 floor	det
11	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 penetrates	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 rainforest	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 rainforest	det
14	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 rainforest	amod
15	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 floor	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	penetrate	present	two per cent of incident sunlight					to the floor of a dense rainforest; approximately property	vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The floor of the rainforest receives the entirety of incident sunlight through gaps in the foliage

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 floor	det
2	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 receives	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 rainforest	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rainforest	det
5	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 floor	nmod
6	receives	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 entirety	det
8	entirety	entirety	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 receives	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 sunlight	case
10	incident	incident	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sunlight	compound
11	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 entirety	nmod
12	through	through	ADP	_	13 gaps	case
13	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 receives	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 foliage	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 foliage	det
16	foliage	foliage	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gaps	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive	present	the floor of the rainforest	the entirety of incident sunlight		gaps in the foliage			vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent entirety=Theme through gap=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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